part Section 1 Critical Reviews of Mainstream Photon Model -- chapter 1 Light Reconsidered / Arthur Zajonc -- chapter 2 What Is a Photon? / Rodney Loudon -- chapter 3 What Is a Photon? / David Finkelstein -- chapter 4 The Concept of the Photon�Revisited / Ashok Muthukrishnan -- chapter 5 A Photon Viewed from Wigner Phase Space / Holger Mack -- part Section 2 Epistemological Origin of Logical Contradiction -- chapter 6 Inevitable Incompleteness of All Theories: An Epistemology to Continuously Refine Human Logics Towards Cosmic Logics / Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri -- chapter 7 Single Photons Have not Been Detected: The Alternative Photon Clump Model / Emilio Panarella -- part Section 3 Exploring Photons beyond Mainstream Views -- chapter 8 What Is a Photon? / C. Rangacharyulu -- chapter 9 Oh Photon, Photon; Whither Art Thou Gone? / A. F. Kracklauer -- chapter 10 The Photon Wave Function / A. Muthukrishnan -- chapter 11 Photons Are Fluctuations of a Random (Zeropoint) Radiation Filling the Whole Space / Emilio Santos -- chapter 12 Violation of the Principle of Complementarity and Its Implications / Shahriar S. Afshar -- chapter 13 The Bohr Model of the Photon / Geoffrey Hunter -- chapter 14 The Maxwell Wave Function of the Photon / M. G. Raymer -- chapter 15 Modeling Light Entangled in Polarization and Frequency: Case Study in Quantum Cryptography / John M. Myers -- chapter 16 Photon�The Minimum Dose of Electromagnetic Radiation / Tuomo Suntola -- chapter 17 Propagating Topological Singularities: Photons / R. M. Kiehn -- chapter 18 The Photon: A Virtual Reality / David L. Andrews -- chapter 19 The Photon and Its Measurability. Edward Henry Dowdye, Jr -- chapter 20 Phase Coherence in Multiple Scattering: Weak and Intense Monochromatic Light Wave Propagating in Cold Strontium Cloud / David Wilkowski -- chapter 21 The Nature of Light: Description of Photon Diffraction Based Upon Virtual Particle Exchange / Michael J. Mobley -- chapter 22 What Physics Is Encoded in Maxwell's Equations? / B. P. Kosyakov -- chapter 23 From Quantum to Classical: Watching a Single Photon Become a Wave / Marco Bellini -- chapter 24 If Superposed Light Beams Do not Re-Distribute Their Energy in the Absence of Detectors (Material Dipoles), Can a Single Indivisible Photon Interfere? / Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri -- chapter 25 What Processes Are behind Energy Re-Direction and Re-Distribution in Interference and Diffraction? / Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri -- chapter 26 Do We Count Indivisible Photons or Discrete Quantum Events Experienced by Detectors? / Chandrasekhar Roychoudhuri -- chapter 27 Direct Measurement of Light Waves / E. Goulielmakis, M. Uiberacker, R. Kienberger, A. Baltuska, V. Yakovlev, A. Scrinzi, Th. Westerwalbesloh, U. Kleineberg, U. Heinzmann, M. Drescher, and F. Krausz.